Effect of long-term use of treated wastewater and clean water mixtures on soil heavy metal accumulation: An assessment using pollution indices.

ABSTRACT: The growing scarcity of clean water resources has driven increased interest in the use of treated wastewater (WW) as an alternative source for agricultural irrigation. While WW provides essential nutrients that can support plant growth and soil fertility, its long-term application may lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in soil, posing environmental and health risks. This study aimed to assess the effects of a four-year field experiment using different ratios of treated wastewater (WW) and clean water (CW) mixtures on soil heavy metal accumulation. Additionally, these effects were evaluated using widely accepted pollution indices, including the Contamination Factor (CF), Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), and Pollution Load Index (PLI). A four-year field experiment

SUBMITTER: Er H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12677520 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature