DOPO-functionalized Fe-based metal-organic framework and its synergistic flame retardant effect with microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate in epoxy composites.

ABSTRACT: A novel hybrid flame-retardant system, named MOF-DOPO, was developed by chemically grafting 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) to an Fe-based metal-organic framework (Fe-MOF-NH₂). The combination of MOF-DOPO and urea-melamine-formaldehyde microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (APP@UMF) markedly enhanced the fire resistance of epoxy resin. Comprehensive analyses indicated a synergistic flame-retardant mechanism between MOF-DOPO and APP@UMF operating in both gas and condensed phases. In the gas phase, phosphorus-centered radicals from DOPO effectively captured flame-propagating radicals, while nonflammable gases (NH₃, CO₂, H₂O) diluted and cooled the combustion zone. In the condensed phase, a compact intumescent char reinf

SUBMITTER: Thi NH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12679558 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature