A temporally functional composite hydrogel scaffold for cranial defect repair via sequential modulation of angiogenesis and osteogenesis.

ABSTRACT: The repair of large cranial defects remains a major clinical challenge, as conventional materials primarily act as inert fillers and fail to meet the complex biological requirements of cranial bone regeneration. In particular, they lack the ability to temporally coordinate angiogenesis and osteogenesis. This study aimed to develop a temporally functional composite scaffold to dynamically modulate the regenerative microenvironment and promote sequential vascularized bone regeneration. Methods: A silk fibroin-based hydrogel system was designed, incorporating salvianolic acid B (SalB)-loaded sustained-release hydrogel and mineralized silk fibroin hydrogel microspheres (MSFM). Material characterization was performed to evaluate the structural and mechanical properties of the scaffold, a

SUBMITTER: Lv Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12679569 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature