Lymphoid B cells upregulate HIV-1 ex vivo and are linked to its expression in vivo.

ABSTRACT: B cell follicles in secondary lymphoid tissues are major sites of HIV expression in untreated people living with HIV (PLWH), but whether lymphoid B cells promote HIV expression in CD4+ T cells is unknown. Using a tonsil model and flow cytometry, germinal center B cells induced HIV expression in follicular helper CD4+ T cells (TFH) in a concentration-, contact-, and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II)-dependent manner. Non-naïve tonsil B cells also induced HIV expression in nonTFH CD4+ T cells that was MHC-II restricted. In situ hybridization and immunofluorescent staining of lymph node sections from six PLWH on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) and six ART-naïve PLWH demonstrated most HIV RNA-expressing (vRNA+) cells were adjacent to at least one B cell. In both groups,

SUBMITTER: Ollerton MT 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12680345 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature