Hair analysis for monitoring adherence to inhaled respiratory medications: possibilities and limitations.

ABSTRACT:

Purpose

Non-adherence to inhaled medication poses a significant clinical and economic burden on patients with respiratory diseases. This narrative review provides an overview of key aspects of hair analysis, in general and specific for inhaled medications, and explores the potential of hair analysis as a novel tool to monitor adherence to inhaled medications.

Methods

PubMed searches were conducted to explore four aspects: (1) mechanisms of (inhaled) drug's systemic absorption and deposition in hair; (2) quantification of drugs in hair; (3) factors impacting (inhaled) drug hair concentrations; and (4) clinical studies assessing inhaled medication adherence through hair analysis.

Results

Systemic absorption, deposition, quantification, and interpretation of drug concent

SUBMITTER: Cuperus LJA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12680825 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature