Beyond Access to Sanitation Services: How Maternal Education Moderates Childhood Diarrhea Risk in Indonesia's Multilevel Context.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Despite long-standing efforts to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure in Indonesia, childhood diarrhea remains a pressing public health concern. This study focuses on the gaps between infrastructure and health equity by examining the intertwined effects of child, household, and environmental factors on the risk of diarrhea. Study Design: A cross-sectional study.

Methods

In this study, data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) were analysed using a multilevel logistic regression model. The survey included 16632 children, with children nested within households and households within a cluster (environment). All child, household, and environmental-level variables were included as fixed effects. Cross-level interac

SUBMITTER: Dharmayanti I 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12681059 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature