Multiple dynamic crosslinked multifunctional hydrogels with glucose/pH dual-responsive adipose-derived stem cells-exosomes-releasing for diabetic wound healing.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Diabetic wounds feature a high-glucose and acidic microenvironment that impairs macrophage polarization and healing. Adipose-derived stem cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-exos) show therapeutic potential but suffer from rapid clearance. This study aimed to develop a smart hydrogel for glucose/pH-responsive ADSC-exos release.

Methods

A dual-responsive hydrogel (HAP/OCS/PEG/Ag-E) was fabricated via dynamic triple cross-linking. Characterization included rheometry, mechanical tests, and microscopy. In vitro macrophage polarization was assessed via flow cytometry and Western blot. A diabetic mouse wound model evaluated healing rates, histology, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Proteomics and pathway inhibition studies explored mechanisms. Statistical analysis used t-tests a

SUBMITTER: Zhang Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12681253 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature