Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Safety of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Bipolar Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is cleared by the Food and Drug Administration for major depression, and recently received breakthrough status for bipolar depression (BDep). However, evidence on its efficacy and safety and optimal protocols for BDep remains limited. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize available data on rTMS for BDep.

Methods

We systematically searched 4 literature databases for studies published between 1995 and 2025 treating participants with acute BDep (1097 articles). The primary outcome for the meta-analysis was change in mean depression severity scores from baseline. Determinants of treatment response were assessed using meta-regression and subgroup meta-analyses.

Results

Fifty-six articles were included,

SUBMITTER: Ventura F 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12681701 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature