Immune regulative GelMA&Zn²⁺/Ce³⁺-whitlockite scaffolds with continuous ions release for bone regeneration.

ABSTRACT: The complex bone repair microenvironment remains a significant challenge in orthopedics. As pivotal regulators, bioactive metal ions can promote osseointegration by coordinating the bone immune microenvironment. To address this, we engineered Zn²⁺/Ce³⁺ double-doped whitlockite nanoparticles (Zn²⁺/Ce³⁺-WH) via a biomimetic GelMA template (GM&Zn²⁺/Ce³⁺-WH). These biomimetic GM&Zn²⁺/Ce³⁺-WH hydrogel scaffolds exhibit excellent antioxidant, significantly activated anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotypes and inhibited osteoclastogenesis. The resulting immune microenvironment favorably promoted osteogenic differentiation in vitro and facilitated implant-to-bone osteointegration in vivo. Addition

SUBMITTER: Jin M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12681741 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature