Comprehensive comparison of fetal right and left atrial isomerism: cardiac and extracardiac malformations, diagnostic accuracy, and survival outcomes.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Right atrial isomerism (RAI) and left atrial isomerism (LAI) are subtypes of heterotaxy syndrome with distinct cardiovascular and visceral anomalies. Accurate prenatal differentiation is essential for risk stratification and clinical decision-making. However, most existing data are derived from postnatal or mixed-age cohorts. This study uniquely focuses on prenatally diagnosed cases with postnatal confirmation and longitudinal outcome analysis.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, fetuses prenatally diagnosed with heterotaxy syndrome between 2016 and 2022 were reviewed and categorized as either RAI or LAI based on fetal echocardiography and postnatal confirmation. Systematic ultrasound assessments evaluated cardiac position, structural defects, systemic and

SUBMITTER: Shu F 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12682514 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature