Cadmium and glyphosate jointly compromise sperm function, fertilization, and early development in <i>Prochilodus magdalenae</i>.

ABSTRACT: Cadmium (Cd) and glyphosate (Gly) are widespread aquatic contaminants known to impair reproductive function in freshwater fish. This study evaluated the effects of Cd, Gly, and their combined exposure on sperm quality and fertilization success in Prochilodus magdalenae, a commercially and ecologically important Neotropical species. Adult males were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of Cd, Gly, and a Cd + Gly mixture. Sperm motility parameters, membrane and mitochondrial integrity, DNA fragmentation, fertilization rate, and hatching success were assessed. Cd exposure significantly reduced sperm motility at 25 mg/L (45.0%), while Gly induced motility impairment at concentrations above 10 mg/L. Co-exposure to Cd and Gly further exacerbated the decline in motility (p

SUBMITTER: Espinosa-Araujo J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12682675 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature