Conditioned Media from Mechanically Stimulated Macrophages Upregulate Osteogenic Genes in Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.

ABSTRACT: Bone healing is a multifaceted scenario with tightly orchestrated sequences that decide upon successful bone fracture healing or nonunion. In this context, the immune system, particularly the impact of macrophages on mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) recruitment and differentiation, cannot be overemphasized. Further adding to the complexity, fracture healing is not only governed by chemical signals but strongly depends on mechanical stimulation. Here, an in-house built bioreactor is used to culture THP-1 macrophages, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma (M(LPS)) or interleukin 4 (M(IL-4)) in fibrin hydrogels under compression and shear. Subsequently, MSC-pellets are cultured in conditioned media, derived from macrophages, and analyzed for chondrogenic or osteogenic gene exp

SUBMITTER: Guex AG 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12683204 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature