A Large-Scale Examination of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Behaviors and Family Functioning Over Time Using Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Modeling.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

The association between family environment factors, such as family conflict and parental monitoring, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) behaviors is well established. However, it is unclear whether ADHD behaviors precede changes in familial functioning, whether certain family dynamics increase ADHD behaviors, or if the association is reciprocal.

Method

Data from 7,425 children across 4 waves of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study were analyzed. ADHD behaviors were evaluated using the Child Behavior Checklist. Family conflict and parental monitoring were assessed using the Family Environment Scale and the Parental Monitoring Survey, respectively. Random-intercept cross-lagged panel modeling was employed to explore potential within-s

SUBMITTER: Saulsbury ML 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12684467 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature