Role of hypertension in the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome among black adults: The Jackson Heart Study.

ABSTRACT: The cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome consists of four progressive stages and is characterized by the interaction of metabolic risk factors, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed the prevalence of hypertension in CKM and its role in progression to more advanced stages. We included 2118 Black adults from the Jackson Heart Study without a history of coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke or stage 0 CKM (normal weight, no metabolic risk factors or CVD) at baseline. Participants were categorized into CKD stage: Stage 1: overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity or dysfunctional adipose tissue without metabolic risk factors or subclinical CVD; Stage 2: metabolic risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, metabolic syndrome o

SUBMITTER: Ghazi L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12685740 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature