Adjunctive esketamine in propofol-based sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

ABSTRACT:

Background

While propofol is widely used for gastrointestinal endoscopic sedation, its cardiovascular and respiratory side effects and lack of analgesia can compromise safety and comfort. Esketamine provides both sedation and analgesia with minimal hemodynamic or respiratory impact. Combining esketamine with propofol may miti-gate propofol's adverse effects while enhancing sedation quality. However, the com-bination's overall safety and efficacy remain inconclusive.

Methods

This systematic review and meta-analysis compared propofol-based sedation with versus without intravenous esketamine in gastrointestinal endoscopy, synthesizing evidence from randomized controlled trials. The primary outcome was the incidence of hypotension. Secondary outcomes included intraoperati

SUBMITTER: Qi J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12685882 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature