Entropy, Assessed by Homeostatic Dysregulation on Electrocardiograms Predicts Fracture and Mortality.

ABSTRACT: Entropy, characterized by increased disorder throughout biological systems, can be quantified by homeostatic dysregulation (HD). One potential measure of HD is the dispersion of points from a normal value, approximated at the individual level by Mahalanobis distance (D_M). We hypothesized that greater HD in electrocardiogram (ECG) would also reflect greater HD in the musculoskeletal system which, in turn, would be associated with age and manifest as an increased risk of fracture independently of age, bone mineral density (BMD), and history of fracture. We further hypothesized that greater ECG-HD would be associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality. A cohort of 7738 individuals aged 40 years or older who underwent a screening 12-lead ECG between 2007 and 2018 was analyze

SUBMITTER: Hong N 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12686576 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature