Astral-DIA proteomics and 4D label-free N-glycoproteomics of milk fat globule membrane proteins reveal distinct profiles between yak colostrum and mature milk.

ABSTRACT: Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins are highly glycosylated and participate in various biological processes. However, the N-glycoproteomic profiles of MFGM protein in yak colostrum (YC) and mature milk (YM) remain unexplored. In this study, Astral data-independent acquisition proteomics was applied to analyze the MFGM proteomes of YC and YM, while 4D label-free quantification was used to investigate their N-glycoproteomes. A total of 4278 proteins were identified, of which 1271 were differentially expressed. Additionally, 89 N-glycoproteins, 120 N-glycopeptides, and 128 N-glycosylation sites were detected. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses showed many MFGM proteins and N-glycoproteins involved in immune functions, mainly enriched in pathways such as c

SUBMITTER: Su D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12686650 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature