Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk: Pathophysiology and interventional approaches - systematic review.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern due to its association with increased cardiovascular risk. Patients with CKD, especially those with moderate to severe renal dysfunction, face a heightened risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. This systematic review evaluates the relationship between CKD and cardiovascular risk, focusing on the pathophysiology, risk factors, and clinical outcomes related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in CKD populations.

Methods

A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted for studies investigating CKD and cardiovascular risk. Seven studies, including cross-sectional, and cohort designs, were included in this review. These studies involved a total of 104,576 participants, with diverse stages of

SUBMITTER: Hassan MB 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12689039 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature