Oral microbiota-responsive ZIF nanoplatform via double-layer glycans modified combined with PD-1 inhibitor for treatment of microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer.

ABSTRACT: Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors are integral to contemporary cancer immunotherapy. However, their objective response rate in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer (MSS CRC) remains below 5 %. This limited efficacy is primarily due to insufficient tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), a consequence of the combined effects of low tumor immunogenicity and impaired dendritic cell (DC)-mediated antigen presentation. The combination of ursolic acid (Ua) and ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) enhances TIL infiltration by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells and promoting DC maturation. Due to their poor oral bioavailability, an oral ZIF nanoplatform was engineered with a chitosan oligosaccharide (Cos) and inulin (In) bilayer coating [(In/Cos)@Ua-Rg3-ZIF] for targeted deliv

SUBMITTER: Sun Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12689220 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature