Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes in pre-menopausal women with high vs low breast fat accumulation: The role of TSP-1.

ABSTRACT:

Background

In premenopausal women, adipose tissue accumulation of the breast gland is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and major-adverse-cardiac-events (MACE).

Aims

We aimed to evaluate endothelial dysfunction (ED) via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and to assess serum endothelin-1 (ET-1), thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), and MACE at 5-year follow-up among women with different degrees of breast fat accumulation (BFA).

Methods

Women aged 40-55 years undergoing mammography were consecutively enrolled and classified into high-BFA and low-BFA groups; those with baseline ED were excluded. ED, inflammatory markers, ET-1, TSP-1, and MACE were reassessed at 5-year follow-up.

Results

At follow-up, ED occurred in 44 % of high-BFA vs.

SUBMITTER: Sardu C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12689222 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature