Characterization of Ty21a immunostimulatory effects in the mouse bladder.

ABSTRACT: Intravesical treatment with Salmonella enterica Ty21a, an oral typhoid-fever vaccine, has shown therapeutic potential against bladder tumors mainly through local immune-cell recruitment, particularly CD8⁺ T-cells. However, the mechanisms underlying its efficacy and the impact of bacterial formulation remain unclear. Here, we show that increased immune-cell infiltration was neither associated with modification in blood vessel density nor the generation of high endothelial venules, but rather with a transient increase in local vessel permeability, requiring live bacteria. Giving prior evidence that freshly harvested bacteria (Ty21a^FR) were more efficient than lyophilized bacteria (Ty21a^LYO), we tested both formulations intravesically in mice. Although,

SUBMITTER: Polak L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12689529 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature