Dynamic PD-L1 Regulation Shapes Tumor Immune Escape and Response to Immunotherapy.

ABSTRACT: Background: A major challenge in cancer treatment is the ability of tumor cells to adapt to immunotherapy through immune escape, often mediated by the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. To investigate this, we adapted an ordinary differential equation model of combination therapy, incorporating the dynamics of the immune checkpoint inhibitor Avelumab and the immunostimulant NHS-muIL12. Methods: Using literature-derived parameter values, we refitted a single parameter across therapies, which showed that PD-L1 expression increased with immunotherapy, while Avelumab blocked its functional signaling, preventing PD-L1 from suppressing T-cell activity. Incorporating therapy-dependent, dynamically regulated PD-L1 expression enabled a biologically grounded mechanism to reproduce experimental observ

SUBMITTER: Pell B 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12691448 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature