Advanced Glycation End Products Promote PGE₂ Production in Ca9-22 Cells via RAGE/TLR4-Mediated PKC-NF-κB Pathway.

ABSTRACT: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are compounds that accumulate in hyperglycemic states, contributing significantly to the development of diabetes and its complications, including the exacerbation of periodontal disease. We hypothesized that AGEs affect the expression of inflammatory mediators in gingival cells, thus contributing to the increased severity of periodontitis observed in diabetic patients. Thus, we stimulated the gingival epithelial carcinoma-derived cell line, Ca9-22, with AGEs and examined their effect on the expression of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and its primary synthesizing enzyme, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), key inflammatory mediators in periodontitis. AGEs significantly increased the expression levels of COX2 (n = 6, p < 0.001) and the produ

SUBMITTER: Ono M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12691458 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature