Lack of Negative Feedback Loops of CTLA-4 and PD-L1 as Key Mechanisms for Post-Acute T Cell Activation Until 3 Months After Ischemic Stroke.

ABSTRACT: Post-stroke T lymphocytes exert differential effects both at the infarction site and systemically; these are pro-inflammatory cascades, subsequent T cell infiltration into the brain, and persisting interaction of infiltrating T lymphocytes (more specifically a subset of CD4- CD8-double-negative T cells (DNTs)). Moreover, brain-resident microglia cells exacerbate the parenchymal damage. The acute peripheral immune response is characterized by lymphopenia and persisting activation of circulating T lymphocytes. In the temporal course, it is supposed that anti-inflammatory mechanisms in general and especially the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype of microglia cells help to recover the functionality of brain parenchyma. We assessed the long-term temporal course of peripheral blood T cell activatio

SUBMITTER: Peglau L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12691942 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature