Multiplex Immunofluorescence Assay with Opal Reagents for Identifying Mononuclear Cell Subsets in Kidney Allograft Rejection Types.

ABSTRACT: Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) remains a leading cause of kidney allograft failure, yet the mechanistic roles of innate immune cell subsets such as monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells remain incompletely understood. In this retrospective cohort study, we applied OPAL-based multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) to human kidney allograft biopsies from 38 recipients with biopsy-proven ABMR (n = 19), T-cell-mediated rejection (TCMR, n = 12), or no rejection (NR, n = 7), enabling spatially resolved quantification of immune subsets in situ. Fluorescence thresholds were pathologist-validated, and co-expression phenotypes were defined using standardized segmentation and spectral unmixing. We observed a significantly higher density of CD1^4+CD11c⁺ monocyte-derived cells in

SUBMITTER: Adjepong-Tandoh EK 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12692199 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature