Hydrogen Bonding in Chloro- and Hydroxy-7-Azaindoles: Insights from X-Ray, Vibrational Spectroscopy, and DFT Studies.

ABSTRACT: The crystal structures and vibrational spectra of 5-chloro-7-azaindole (5Cl7AI), 4,5-dichloro-7-azaindole (4,5Cl7AI), and 5-hydroxy-7-azaindole (5OH7AI) were investigated to elucidate how ring substituents modulate intermolecular hydrogen bonding and molecular packing in the solid state. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to support the interpretation of the spectroscopic data, while Hirshfeld surface analysis provided additional insight into intermolecular contacts. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that the halogenated derivatives form nearly linear N-H···N hydrogen-bonded dimers or layered arrangements, whereas 5OH7AI adopts a three-dimensional network stabilized by N-H···O and O-H···N interactions. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra showed that variations in hyd

SUBMITTER: Dysz K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12692938 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature