The Marshall Complex in the Human Heart: Embryology, Microanatomy, Autonomic Features and Clinical Implications for Atrial Fibrillation-A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review.

ABSTRACT: The vein and ligament of Marshall (VOM and LOM) are embryological remnants that have gained increasing recognition due to their anatomical complexity, arrhythmogenic potential, and relevance during catheter ablation and structural heart interventions. This review summarizes current evidence on their embryology, morphology, anatomical variability, imaging characteristics, and clinical implications. A structured literature search across PubMed, Embase, and Scopus identified anatomical, histological, electrophysiological, and interventional studies. The VOM is present in most hearts, but its topographic variants and ostial positions show substantial interindividual diversity. The LOM displays a segmental architecture with distinct muscular and fibrotic components that interface with the atria

SUBMITTER: Dutka WB 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12693601 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature