Upcycling of Citrus Waste by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents: Green Extraction of Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant and Regenerative Properties on Human Keratinocytes.

ABSTRACT: Background: The citrus processing industry generates over 40 million tons of waste annually, representing a significant environmental challenge. Citrus by-products are rich in bioactive compounds with proven health benefits. This study aims to upcycle citrus waste by developing green extracts and evaluating their biological activities for cosmeceutical applications. Methods: Three NaDES formulations-choline chloride-urea (ChCl: U), choline chloride-citric acid (ChCl: CA), and betaine-urea (Bet: U)-were optimized to extract polyphenols from orange and lemon waste using roller agitation. Extracts were characterized by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Biological activities were assessed in human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Antioxidant activity was measured using a chemiluminescent assay that detects

SUBMITTER: Silla A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12693630 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature