Optimization of N-P-K Nutrient Ratios for Three Leafy Vegetables Using Response Surface Methodology and Principal Component Analysis.

ABSTRACT: This study determined the optimal nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (N-P-K) ratios for maximizing growth performance in spinach (Spinacia oleracea), bok choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis), and Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa pekinensis). A response surface methodology experiment with 15 N-P-K treatments (0-1.5 g/L per nutrient) was conducted under controlled conditions. Growth parameters including plant height, biomass, leaf area, and root development were measured after four weeks and analyzed using principal component analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. Optimal ratios were species-specific: spinach achieved maximum performance with N-P-K = 2-0-2 (13.15 g fresh weight, 13.88 g total biomass), bok choy with N-P-K = 0-2-2 (2631.31 mm² leaf area, 4

SUBMITTER: Yang R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12694132 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature