An Anti-Freezing Ionic Conductive Hydrogel for Strain Sensing and Energy Harvesting Devices.

ABSTRACT: Hydrogels with excellent flexibility and conductivity have attracted intensive attention in wearable human monitoring and energy harvesting devices. However, hydrogels containing plenty of water inevitably freeze at subzero temperatures, which deteriorates flexibility and conductivity and limits their practical applications. Herein, an anti-freezing ionic conductive hydrogel is developed by introducing Na⁺ into the gellan gum/hydrophobically associated polyacrylamide double network. The optimized anti-freezing hydrogel AICH₃ achieves outstanding mechanical properties (fracture stress 1.1 MPa and fracture strain 1700%), remarkable conductivity (2.2 S/m), and impressive strain sensitivity (GF = 7.4) at -20 °C. Benefiting from excellent flexibility, conductivity and stra

SUBMITTER: Wang Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12694472 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature