Multiple Risk Factors Controlled and Mortality Risks in Chronic Kidney Disease.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with elevated mortality risk. The study aimed to investigate the extent to which multiple risk factors controlled could attenuate CKD-related excess mortality.

Methods

The study included 2,394 CKD patients and 15,962 non-CKD individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. Seven modifiable risk factors included blood pressure, body mass index, hemoglobin A1c, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, physical activity, and diet. CKD patients were categorized by the number of controlled risk factors. Cox models were used to estimate associations between risk factors controlled and risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Results

Among CKD patients, each add

SUBMITTER: Pu B 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12695106 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature