Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses as a function of multiple COVID-19 boosters.

ABSTRACT: We investigate the long-term impact of repeated COVID-19 vaccinations on adaptive immunity through a 3-year study of 78 individuals without reported symptomatic infections. We observe distinct dynamics in spike-specific responses across multiple vaccine doses. While antibody levels increase and stabilize with each booster, T cell responses quickly plateau and remain stable. Notably, approximately 30% of participants show evidence suggestive of asymptomatic infections. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a diverse and stable landscape of spike-specific T cell phenotypes without signs of exhaustion or functional impairment. Individuals with evidence of asymptomatic infection display increased frequencies of Th17-like CD4⁺ T cells and GZMKhi/IFNR⁺ CD8⁺ T cell s

SUBMITTER: da Silva Antunes R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12695460 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature