Adverse health outcomes associated with drinking highly saline water: a systematic review.

ABSTRACT: In climate change-affected coastal areas, sea level rise, storm surges, droughts and altered rainfalls are significantly increasing salinity levels in drinking water sources. This is a major public health problem that affects many millions of people. We systematically reviewed and assessed the strength and quality of the evidence on the relationship between drinking water with high sodium levels (> 200 mgNa/l) and adverse cardiovascular, renal, and pregnancy-related health outcomes, following the PRISMA guidelines, the ROBINS-E Cochrane tool and the Navigation Guide. From five bibliographic databases, we identified 22 relevant studies, some of which assessed more than one health domain. The evidence was of moderate quality and strength. 14 analyses from eight studies at low risk of bias an

SUBMITTER: Costopoulos E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12696076 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature