Multi-Level Optical Physical Unclonable Function Based on Random Surface Scattering for Hierarchical Cryptographic Protocols.

ABSTRACT: Optical physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have emerged as a promising cryptographic primitive for next-generation security. However, to harmonize with various modern networks, conventional optical PUF is inadequate due to a rigid key space with a fixed specification. This study implements hierarchically controllable randomness sources for multi-level key generation, exploiting speckle characteristics. By adjusting illumination diameter, the speckle size can be modulated, allowing the extraction of three-level keys with various lengths: 64, 256, and 1,024 bits. Performance evaluation reveals that all levels are superb in uniformity, uniqueness, reproducibility, and randomness. Moreover, it is proposed two feasible applications. The first is a hierarchical authentication architecture that

SUBMITTER: Kim JJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12697780 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature