Decoding the duality of GAI anthropomorphism and its joint effects-a sequential mixed-methods approach.

ABSTRACT: The advancement of anthropomorphic generative artificial intelligence, especially in large language models and multimodal capabilities, has developed its two dimensions: functional anthropomorphism and interactional anthropomorphism. Despite this progress, prior research has predominantly emphasized interactional anthropomorphism, neglecting a holistic understanding of the dual dimensions and their combined effects. This research utilizes a sequential mixed-methods approach, starting with qualitative interviews (n = 15) to explore the joint effects of dual anthropomorphism. The qualitative results were incorporated into a subsequent series of experiments aimed at testing the joint effects, their underlying mechanisms, and boundary conditions. By extending the Expectation Confirmatio

SUBMITTER: Zhang M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12698472 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature