Beyond endocrine features in non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a narrative review of psychoneuro-social perspectives in pediatric and adolescent patients.

ABSTRACT: Non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH) is a late-onset, milder form of 21-hydroxylase deficiency marked by adrenal androgen excess. While endocrine aspects are well described, psychoneuro-social outcomes in pediatric and adolescent patients remain less clearly defined. A literature search of MEDLINE (PubMed) was conducted in July 2025 using "Non-Classical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia" with terms related to mental health, cognition, social adaptation, gender identity, sexual orientation, and heterozygous carriers. In females, androgen excess is frequently associated with anxiety, depression, body image concerns, and increased prevalence of gender nonconformity or non-heterosexual orientation, although most maintain a female gender identity. Males generally present fewer gend

SUBMITTER: Paparella R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12701048 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature