Syringe service program leader and participant perspectives on reasons for opioid-stimulant co-use in the United States.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Opioids and stimulants are increasingly used together in North America. Using syringe service program (SSP) leaders' and participants' perspectives, we sought to identify reasons for intentional and unintentional co-use.

Methods

We used a sequential exploratory mixed method design with interviews and a questionnaire of SSP leaders and participants in the U.S. between 2022 and 2024. We recruited a national sample of SSP leaders for telephone/virtual interviews, stratifying for counties with higher overdose rates, higher percentages of non-white residents, and geographic variation. We asked SSP leaders to share flyers with their SSP's participants. We analyzed qualitative data using iterative categorization and developed an online quantitative questionnaire based on

SUBMITTER: Andraka-Christou B 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12702174 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature