Increased risk of hyperthyroidism induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with existing or prior Graves' disease: a nested prospective cohort study with propensity score matching.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Thyroid dysfunction induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) commonly manifests as destructive thyroiditis and hypothyroidism, while hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease) is rare. However, the clinical characteristics of thyroid dysfunction in patients with existing or prior Graves' disease treated with ICIs remain unclear.

Methods

A case-control study was performed using a prospective cohort of patients treated with ICIs between November 2015 and January 2024. At baseline, cases had Graves' disease without overt thyroid dysfunction or prior Graves' disease and were matched 1:5 with controls by age, gender, antithyroid antibody status at baseline, and ICI type. The incidence of thyroid dysfunction induced by ICIs was compared between cases and controls. The inci

SUBMITTER: Suzuki K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12702723 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature