Causality of circulating vitamins on infectious diseases: integrating Mendelian randomization and <i>in vivo</i> evidence.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Clinical studies have established an association between infections and circulating vitamin levels. However, the relationship stratified by specific pathogen types remains underexplored. More importantly, the causal direction of this association is still unclear.

Methods

We utilized summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of European ancestry, sourced from the UK Biobank (UKB) and FinnGen consortium. A two-sample, bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed to investigate the genetic causal relationships between infectious diseases (categorized as bacterial or viral) and circulating levels of vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and E. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method served as the primary

SUBMITTER: Tang A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12702853 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature