Generative Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging: Foundations, Progress, and Clinical Translation.

ABSTRACT: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming medical imaging by enabling capabilities such as data synthesis, image enhancement, modality translation, and spatiotemporal modeling. This review presents a comprehensive and forward-looking synthesis of recent advances in generative modeling-including generative adversarial networks (GANs), variational autoencoders (VAEs), diffusion models, and emerging multimodal foundation architectures-and evaluates their expanding roles across the clinical imaging continuum. We systematically examine how generative AI contributes to key stages of the imaging workflow, from acquisition and reconstruction to cross-modality synthesis, diagnostic support, treatment planning, and prognosis prediction. Emphasis is placed on both retrospective

SUBMITTER: Wang S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12703019 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature