Investigating interactions between macroinvertebrate indices, water quality parameters, and stream quality classifications in a Wisconsin agricultural watershed.

ABSTRACT: Increasing agricultural and urban land use poses a growing threat to freshwater ecosystems worldwide, contributing to nutrient loading and degradation of surface water quality. Stream restoration, such as riparian vegetation, can help mitigate nonpoint source pollution, yet its ecological outcomes remain variable. Aquatic macroinvertebrates are widely used as bioindicators for water quality due to their sensitivity to environmental change, but their responses to stream impairment and restoration in the context of ongoing land-use pressures are less well understood. This study investigates associations between water quality parameters, biotic indices, and stream classifications using macroinvertebrate and water quality data collected from stream sites within an intensively managed agricultu

SUBMITTER: Bates LM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12703226 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan-Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature