Development of a murine tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy model for cholangiocarcinoma.

ABSTRACT: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy is a promising approach, earning U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval in patients with anti-PD-1-resistant melanoma. Extending TIL therapy to patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), an aggressive and largely immune-refractory cancer, is an emerging area of interest. However, cost and manufacturing complexity constrain clinical scalability of TIL therapy for CCA, underscoring the need for a murine model to optimize efficacy. Here, we established a novel orthotopic model of TIL therapy for CCA and tested a new ex vivo expansion strategy. We first characterized the immune landscape of orthotopic CCA and then compared 2 TIL expansion methods: (1) a conventional protocol using CD3 agonist stimulation (CD3 TILs) and (2) a tumor antigen-based prot

SUBMITTER: Wittling MC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12704411 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature