Predicting neural responses to intra- and extra-cranial electric brain stimulation by means of the reciprocity theorem.

ABSTRACT: Electrical stimulation of nervous tissue is grounded in well-established biophysical principles, yet understanding its precise effect on neural activity remains challenging. This represents a major obstacle to both scientific and clinical applications of electrical brain stimulation. We here show that the reciprocity theorem of electromagnetism can be applied more broadly than previously acknowledged, providing a framework for elucidating the effects of electrical brain stimulation on neurons. Through this new perspective, we account for the observed weak frequency-dependence of extracellular electrical stimulation-induced membrane potential changes, and demonstrate a 1/r falloff for nearby and 1/r2 falloff for distant neurons. We also show that for transcranial electrical stimulation, the

SUBMITTER: Ness TV 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12704905 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature