Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes improve pyroptosis and mitochondrial integrity through miR-515-5p-mediated TLR4/NLRP3/GSDMD axis in rheumatoid arthritis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) therapy can significantly improve the outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study explores the protective role of BMSC-derived exosomes (BMSCs-Exos) in RA through modulation of pyroptosis and mitochondrial integrity via the microRNA (miR)-515-5p/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/gasdermin D (GSDMD) pathway.

Methods

Exosomes were isolated from rat BMSCs, with or without miR-515-5p transfection. Exosomes were identified and analyzed through transmission electron microscopy, tunable resistive pulse sensing, and protein profiling via Western blot analysis. An in vitro RA model was established by stimulating RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs) with interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Co-culture of R

SUBMITTER: Cai D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12706942 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature