Transcriptional subtypes on immune microenvironment and predicting postoperative recurrence and metastasis in human pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.

ABSTRACT: Human pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) exhibit substantial molecular and immune heterogeneity, complicating risk assessment and treatment. Here, we define three distinct tumor transcriptional subtypes (C1, C2, and C3) in a clinically annotated cohort of PPGL patients through integrative transcriptomic and immunogenomic profiling. C1 is characterized by hypoxia-driven pathways and an immunosuppressive microenvironment, correlating with poor prognosis. C2 exhibits a highly inflamed immune landscape with robust CD8⁺ T cell infiltration, suggesting potential sensitivity to immunotherapy. C3 is enriched in metabolic reprogramming pathways and displays intermediate clinical outcomes. Genetic analysis reveals subtype-specific mutational patterns, with pseudohypoxic driver m

SUBMITTER: Liu Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12707812 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature