Acute effects of MDMA, MDA, lysine-MDMA, and lysine-MDA in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in healthy participants.

ABSTRACT: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is used recreationally, as a research tool, and in MDMA-assisted therapy in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) is a psychoactive metabolite of MDMA. Acute effects of MDMA and MDA have never been directly compared in humans. Lysine-conjugated amphetamines slowly release active amphetamine once absorbed, suggesting pharmaceutical strategies to enhance tolerability and reduce abuse potential. Therefore, lysine-MDMA (Lys-MDMA) and lysine-MDA (Lys-MDA) were developed as prodrugs of MDMA and MDA, respectively. We used a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design to compare acute responses to MDMA (100 mg), MDA (92 mg), Lys-MDMA (172 mg), and Lys-MDA (164 mg) at equimolar doses and placebo i

SUBMITTER: Straumann I 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12708835 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature