Acute neuroinflammation induces prolonged transcriptional reprogramming in microglia.

ABSTRACT: Acute neuroinflammation rapidly activates brain immune responses, but its lasting effects on microglia are unclear. Using systemic LPS administration and LCMV-Armstrong infection, we found that blood-brain barrier disruption and cytokine shifts resolved within 30 days, yet microglial recovery was incomplete-marked by persistent numerical loss and an IFN-γ-low phenotype in the LPS model and reduced relative abundance in the LCMV model. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed sustained transcriptional alterations, including disease-associated microglia (DAM) features and a distinct recovery-biased population. These acute signatures overlapped with profiles from Alzheimer's model mice and were enriched in human microglia from multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and other neuroinflammatory co

SUBMITTER: Moon S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12709714 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature