The Turkiye orthorexia nervosa scale (TONS-29): development and psychometric validation for adult populations.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Orthorexia Nervosa (ON), first described by Steven Bratman in 1997, refers to a pathological obsession with healthy eating, often resulting in restrictive dietary behaviors, nutritional deficiencies, and impaired psychosocial functioning. In the absence of standardized diagnostic criteria, this study aimed to develop and validate the Türkiye Orthorexia Nervosa Scale (TONS-29).

Methods

After excluding individuals with a diagnosed eating disorder (n = 7) or without informed consent (n = 8), a total of 720 adults (489 women, 231 men) participated. Scale development was guided by expert opinions from professionals in nutrition, psychiatric nursing, and Turkish linguistics. Construct validity was assessed through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA; n = 360) and Confirm

SUBMITTER: Kavsara HK 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12709791 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature