Frailty-Driven Risk Stratification in Age-Related Ophthalmic Diseases: Thresholds, Precision Screening, and Mendelian Randomization Insights.

ABSTRACT:

Purpose

To define frailty thresholds for accelerated progression of age-related ophthalmic diseases and inform precision intervention.

Methods

Using NHANES 2005-2008 (n = 7081 adults ≥ 40 years), we constructed a 49-item frailty index (FI) via the deficit accumulation model. Missing data were addressed with complete-case analysis (n = 4120) and multiple imputation. Two analytic cohorts were defined: (1) objective diagnosis group and (2) composite diagnosis group. Multivariable logistic regression with restricted cubic splines (RCS) assessed associations between the FI and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataract, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) tested causality.

Results

Findings were consistent across complet

SUBMITTER: Zhong Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12710777 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature