Effect of triple inhaled therapy on MACE and cardiovascular events in COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Although some meta-analyses show that triple inhaled therapy (TT) reduces all-cause mortality compared with dual inhaled therapy (DT), the effect on cardiovascular events is not yet well defined. We estimated the effect of TT compared with DT (LAMA/LABA or LABA/ICS) on MACE and cardiovascular outcomes in an evidence synthesis.

Methods

Following prospective registration (https://osf.io/gtfvm), a comprehensive search strategy of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase was performed until 15 January 2025. All randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating TT vs. DT and reporting MACE and cardiovascular outcomes were included. We assessed risk of bias and conducted a random-effects meta-analysis estimating summary relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals, evaluating heteroge

SUBMITTER: Calderon-Montero A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12711773 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature